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Metformin Hydrochloride

Product ID M2076
Cas No. 1115-70-4
Purity ≥98%
Product Unit SizeCostQuantityStock
5 g $38.40 In stock
25 g $69.00 In stock
100 g $191.40 In stock
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  • Product Info
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  • Description
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Description

Metformin is an AMPK activator that exhibits anti-diabetic, antihyperglycemic, antioxidative, immunosuppressive, anticancer chemotherapeutic, anti-metastatic, and chemopreventive activities. Metformin modulates glucose-6-phosphatase activity, decreasing glucose production and glycogenolysis. Additionally, it inhibits expression of TNF-α in the liver, reversing pathology of fatty liver disease in vivo. In podocytes, metformin decreases activity of NADPH oxidase and generation of free radicals. In other in vitro models, metformin inhibits expression of MHC molecules and co-stimulatory factors on dendritic cells, preventing antigen presentation. Across several hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, metformin decreases expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, and CDK4, inducing G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and inhibiting cell proliferation. In vivo, this compound also downregulates expression of c-myc, preventing neoplasia initiation in prostate cancer models. Metformin’s activation of AMPK also inhibits Shh signaling in breast cancer models, suppressing proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Product Info

Cas No.

1115-70-4

Purity

≥98%

Formula

C4H11N5 • HCl

Formula Wt.

165.62

Chemical Name

1,1-Dimethylbiguanide Hydrochloride

IUPAC Name

3-(diaminomethylidene)-1,1-dimethylguanidine;hydrochloride

Synonym

Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride, Imidodicaronimidic diamide, N,N-dimethyl-, monohydrochloride, N,N-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride

Melting Point

223-226

Solubility

100 mM water, 50 mM DMSO

Appearance

White to off white powder

Shipping and Storage

Store Temp

Ambient

Ship Temp

Ambient

Downloads

MSDS

M2076 MSDS PDF

Info Sheet

M2076 Info Sheet PDF

Brochures

Metformin Flyer

References

Fan C, Wang Y, Liu Z, et al. Metformin exerts anticancer effects through the inhibition of the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in breast cancer. Int J Mol Med. 2015 May 21. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 25999130.

Miyoshi H, Kato K, Iwama H, et al. Effect of the anti-diabetic drug metformin in hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol. 2013 Dec 30. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 24378856.

Piwkowska A, Rogacka D, Jankowski M, et al. Metformin reduces NAD(P)H oxidase activity in mouse cultured podocytes through purinergic dependent mechanism by increasing extracellular ATP concentration. Acta Biochim Pol. 2013;60(4):607-12. PMID: 24432311.

Akinyeke T, Matsumura S, Wang X, et al. Metformin targets c-MYC oncogene to prevent prostate cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2013 Dec;34(12):2823-32. PMID: 24130167.

Zhang Y, Guan M, Zheng Z, et al. Effects of metformin on CD133+ colorectal cancer cells in diabetic patients. PLoS One. 2013 Nov 21;8(11):e81264. PMID: 24278407.

Shin S, Hyun B, Lee A, et al. Metformin Suppresses MHC-Restricted Antigen Presentation by Inhibiting Co-Stimulatory Factors and MHC Molecules in APCs. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2013 Jan;21(1):35-41. PMID: 24009856.

Chu CA, Wiernsperger N, Muscato N, et al. The acute effect of metformin on glucose production in the conscious dog is primarily attributable to inhibition of glycogenolysis. Metabolism. 2000 Dec;49(12):1619-26. PMID: 11145127.

Lin HZ, Yang SQ, Chuckaree C, et al. Metformin reverses fatty liver disease in obese, leptin-deficient mice. Nat Med. 2000 Sep;6(9):998-1003. PMID: 10973319.

Minassian C, Tarpin S, Mithieux G. Role of glucose-6 phosphatase, glucokinase, and glucose-6 phosphate in liver insulin resistance and its correction by metformin. Biochem Pharmacol. 1998 Apr 15;55(8):1213-9. PMID: 9719475.

Stumvoll M, Nurjhan N, Perriello G, et al. Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1995 Aug 31;333(9):550-4. PMID: 7623903.

Nakamichi N, Shima H, Asano S, et al. Involvement of carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN1/SLC22A4 in gastrointestinal absorption of metformin. J Pharm Sci. 2013 Sep;102(9):3407-3417. PMID: 23666872.

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