Description
Endothelin-3 is an endogenous peptide agonist at endothelin B (ET-B) receptors that exhibits anti-inflammatory, neuromodulatory, and pro-angiogenic activities. In animal models, endothelin-3 inhibits platelet-activating factor-induced edema. In other models, this peptide decreases tyrosine hydroxylase activity in an NO/cGMP/PKG-dependent manner, suppressing hypothalamic release of norepinephrine. In vitro, endothelin-3 activates ET-B receptors, increasing expression of VEGF, COX1/2, HIF-1α, and PGE2.