Description
Ginkgolide A is a terpene lactone found in Ginkgo that exhibits neuroprotective, anti-angiogenic, neuromodulatory, and anxiolytic activities. In cellular models of Alzheimer’s disease, ginkgolide A decreases phosphorylation of tau protein, inhibits GSK-3β, and increases phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt. Ginkgolide A may also act as an agonist at the pregnane X receptor (PXR). This compound inhibits proliferation and migration in vitro and decreases superoxide anion levels, preventing neointimal hyperplasia. In the elevated plus maze test, ginkgolide A increases time spent in open arms.