Description
Dipyridamole is a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that increases levels of cAMP and cGMP; it also inhibits adenosine deaminase. Dipyridamole exhibits vasodilatory, ati-thrombotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. In monocytes, dipyridamole decreases expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) by inhibiting TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation, degradation of IkBα, and activation of p38 MAPK. Dipyridamole also inhibits vascular stenosis by suppressing proliferation of venous and arterial smooth muscle cells.