Description
Fingolimod is an inhibitor of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors that is used clinically as a treatment for autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis; this compound prevents movement of autoreactive lymphocytes from the lymph nodes into circulation. Fingolimod exhibits immunosuppressive, neuroprotective, and anticancer chemotherapeutic benefits. In Treg cells, fingolimod increases levels of TGF- β1 and Foxp3. In in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer’s disease, this compound decreases production of amyloid-β (Aβ) proteins. Additionally, fingolimod inhibits expression of sphingosine kinase 2 and increases cell death in neuroblastoma cells. Fingolimod inhibits growth of cancerous xenografts in vivo as well.