Description
Ketotifen is a second-generation antihistamine that exhibits anti-allergic, anti-asthma, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activities. Ketotifen inhibits H1 histamine receptors, phosphodiesterases (PDEs), and leukotriene receptors; it also acts as a mast cell stabilizer. In animal models of acute lung injury, ketotifen inhibits mast cell activation, suppresses activation of NF-κB, and downregulates expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In animal models of Trichinella infection, this compound decreases humoral and cellular immune responses.