Description
Tolfenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities; it inhibits COX-1 and COX-2. Tolfenamic acid inhibits leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production, degranulation, and migration in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Tolfenamic acid also downregulates expression of cyclin D1, increases ER stress, and induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells, inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. Additionally, tolfenamic acid also decreases expression of VEGF, VEGFR1, HGFR/c-MET, survivin, Bcl-2, and Sp proteins in cellular models of colorectal cancer.